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If the screening test is negative, it means that the gene for sickle cell trait is not present. If the screening test is positive, then further haemoglobin testing must be performed to confirm whether one mutated gene or both are present.


The risk of inheriting sickle cell anemia comes down to genetics. For a baby to be born with sickle cell anemia, both parents must carry a sickle cell gene.

The gene is more common in families that come from Africa, India, the Mediterranean, Saudi Arabia, and South and Central America. In the United States, it most commonly affects blacks and Hispanics.

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