Payne (2001) gave participants a computerized task in which they first see a

face and then a picture of either a gun or a tool. The task was to press one button

if it was a tool and a different one if it was a gun. Unknown to the participants

while they were doing the study, the faces served as a “prime” (something that

starts you thinking a particular way); half the time they were of a black person

and half the time of a white person. Table 2–9 shows the means and standard deviations

for reaction times (the time to decide if the picture is of a gun or a tool)

after either a black or white prime. (In Experiment 2, participants were told to decide as fast as possible.) Explain the results to a person who has never had a course in statistics. (Be sure to explain some specific numbers as well as the general principle of the mean and standard deviation