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The turning of colors of leaves occurs as result from degradation of molecules that are found inside leaves. These molecules are called chlorophylls, which give leaves the color green and participates in a process called photosynthesis, by which plants fix carbon dioxide into sugars. At the end of summer and the beginning of the autumn, trees start preparing for winter, they stop synthesizing sugars, and chlorophylls are broken down. Now the leaves become yellow and red. Yellow and red colors are found in leaves also during summer, but they cannot be seen because they are covered with the green chlorophyll.
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