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Emphysema: Hypertension of the air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.
Loss of elasticity and the breakdown of alveolar walls results in expiratory flow limitation. There is a strong assosiation between cig smoking and emphysema. As a result of the destruction of the lung parenchyma, including blood vessels,pulmonary artery pressure rises and the right side of the heart must work harder to pump blood. This leads to ventricular hypertrophy and right heart failure(cor pulmonale).
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