3 Answers

Use the underside of a banana peel to rub the markings out............

What are the white spots from? 

If the mars are from digs and the natural wood is showing, you can get wood filler to fill in the dents and cracks and such. Make sure you get a stain-able wood filler. They make small tubes. It's easier to use than wood putty. For scratches, you can just use a cover up, it's a liquid pen with stain to match the stain on the furniture. 

Colleen

Try this for the water stains: http://www.ehow.com/how_7699693_remove-stains-dark-wood-finish.html

I had white water spots on my pine dining room table which were caused from not protecting the wood from hot plates. I used a combination of white toothpaste and a little baking soda, rubbed it together softly with a towel and it worked pretty well.