2 Answers

An 'abnormal' Urinalysis can indicate many things. All urine samples are examined in 3 ways:  1)Visually  Is the sample clear (normal appearance) cloudy (may indicate an infection) red or brown in color (may indicate blood in urine - which is not normal), and, an unusual odor may indicate a problem.  2) Dipstick test measures:  acidity, concentration (pH), protein, sugar, ketones, bilirubin, blood, ketones. 3) Finally, a microscopic exam is done to measure presence of White Blood Cells, Red Blood Cells, Bacteria, Skin Cells, Protein cells, and, Crystals.

Your urine can tell your physician many things about your state of health - whether you have developed diabetes, have an infection or kidney stones, kidney disease or tumors. Slightly abnormal U/A's may mean nothing, a U/A is primarily a tool that gives your physician clues which determine whether other tests are necessary.

And, of course, a U/A is also used as a tool to test for the presence of 'recreational' drugs.

Couldn't have stated it better than @TrishK6................