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Not sure what you mean but if you are talking about data recovery the way I understand it, when you delete you are actually scattering data, wiping data removes it.  But there are advanced programs that will recover data.  The way it works as I remember is the recovery software collects corrupted data and reconstructs it to a point where it will give suggestions as what the data represents.  For example the data for the word Mother-  It recovers OTHR so the suggestions  would be Other-- Mother--and any other word that would make a word, using this in conjunction with intelligent phrasing it would assume based on preceding words that the word is actually Mother.

This is a simplified explanation of how data recovery works (as I understand it)  

I used to have a program called 'X-TREE' that had data recovery And Norton Recover. Norton was pretty good but the amount of data the algorithm was filtering even on a small task would pretty much overwhelm home computers at the time due to its mass usage of memory and CPU power.  It took a long time to work the possibilities.  But eventually, it would recover bits of information.