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Isoniazid
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Isoniazid

Systematic (IUPAC) name
isonicotinohydrazide
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a682401
Pregnancy cat. C
Legal status prescription only (US)
Routes oral, intramuscular, intravenous
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding Very low (0-10%)
Metabolism liver; CYP450: 2C19, 3A4 inhibitor
Half-life 0.5-1.6h (fast acetylators), 2-5h (slow acetylators)
Excretion urine (primarily), feces
Identifiers
CAS number 54-85-3
ATC code J04AC01
PubChem CID 3767
DrugBank DB00951
ChemSpider 3635
UNII V83O1VOZ8L
KEGG D00346
ChEBI CHEBI:6030
ChEMBL CHEMBL64
NIAID ChemDB 007657
Chemical data
Formula C6H7N3O
Mol. mass 137.139 g/mol
SMILES[show]
InChI[show]
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Isoniazid (Laniazid, Nydrazid), also known as isonicotinylhydrazine (INH), is an organic compound that is the first-line medication in prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. The compound was first synthesized in the early 20th century,[1] but its activity against tuberculosis was first reported in the early 1950s, and three pharmaceutical companies attempted unsuccessfully to simultaneously patent the drug[2] (the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, Rimifon, in 1952). The drug was first tested at Many Farms, a Navajo community, due to the Navajo reservation's dire tuberculosis problem and the fact that the population was naïve with respect to streptomycin, the main tuberculosis treatment at the time.[3] With the introduction of isoniazid, a cure for tuberculosis was first considered reasonable.
Isoniazid is available in tablet, syrup, and injectable forms (given intramuscularly or intravenously). It is available worldwide, is inexpensive and is generally well tolerated. It is manufactured from isonicotinic acid, which is produced from 4-methylpyridine.[4]